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Prometheus

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公司采用Prometheus来采集Kubernetes集群的性能指标数据，之前对性能数据采集这方面没有关注过，但是实际生产环境下有很多此类需求，因此重点学习了一下Prometheus采集数据的原理以及如何部署，接下来分别介绍。

Prometheus版本 2.3.0

AlertManager版本 1.4.0

因为两者的配置对旧版本的兼容不是很好，在按照网上搜索的资料进行部署时遇到了不少坑，所以当你看到这篇文章，根据文章进行部署时，可能我现在使用的版本已经很旧，您可能需要按需修改配置

原理

/posts/prometheus/architecture.svg

这张图大家应该不陌生，没错，就是从官网偷来的图片，下面特征和组件也是偷来的，哈哈。

特征

Prometheus的主要特点是：

  • 一个具有由metric名称和键/值对标识的多维时间序列的数据模型
  • 一种灵活的查询语言 来利用这种维度
  • 不依赖分布式存储; 单个服务器节点是自治的（这点真不能认同，没有HA让人很难受）
  • 时间序列收集通过HTTP上的拉式模型进行
  • 推送时间序列通过中间网关支持
  • 通过服务发现或静态配置来发现目标
  • 多种模式的图形和仪表盘支持

AlertManager的主要特点：

  • Grouping 分组
  • Inhibition 抑制
  • Silences
  • HA (配置方式有限制，只能罗列出所有的实例，不能通过负载均衡方式配置)

组件

普罗米修斯生态系统由多个组件组成，其中许多组件是可选的：

大多数Prometheus组件都是用Go编写的，因此它们很容易构建和部署为静态二进制文件。

部署

这里主要通过Kubernetes部署Prometheus和AlertManager，实例数都只开1，原因也很好理解，Prometheus不支持HA，实例开多了也没有用，而且每个实例存的数据因为采集时间的原因会不一致，AlertManager只开一个实例的原因是虽然支持HA，但是只能在配置Prometheus时罗列出所有的实例，显然通过Kubernetes部署时无法获取到所有AlertManager的Pod实例，只能获得对应的Service，但是service就属于负载均衡了，如果AlertManager选在在集群外通过Docker或者二进制文件直接部署的话，可以开启多个实例，这里暂时在集群内部署，下面将列出所用到的Yaml文件。

首先，给出Prometheus相关的文件

prometheus.config.yaml

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apiVersion: v2
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: prometheus-config
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  prometheus.yml: |
    global:
      scrape_interval:     15s
      evaluation_interval: 15s
    rule_files:
      - /etc/prometheus-rules/*.rules
    alerting:
      alertmanagers:
      - static_configs:
        - targets:
          - alertmanager:9093
    scrape_configs:
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-apiservers'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
        action: keep
        regex: default;kubernetes;https

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-nodes'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
        regex: (.+)
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-cadvisor'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
        regex: (.+)    
		target_label: __metrics_path__
        replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
        action: replace
        target_label: __scheme__
        regex: (https?)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)
      - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        action: replace
        target_label: __address__
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-services'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: service
      metrics_path: /probe
      params:
        module: [http_2xx]
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
	  - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-ingresses'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: ingress
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_scheme,__address__,__meta_kubernetes_ingress_path]
        regex: (.+);(.+);(.+)
        replacement: ${1}://${2}${3}
        target_label: __param_target
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_ingress_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_name]
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-pods'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: pod
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)
      - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        action: replace
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
        target_label: __address__
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_name]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_pod_name

此文件主要将Prometheus用到的配置存储为ConfigMap，关于Prometheus的配置，请参考这里，这里配置了rule_files，rule_files里可以存放通知规则和抓取规则，此处主要用来存放通知规则，还配置了抓取的Target，当然抓取的Target可以根据自己需要进行修改和替换，同时配置了alerting，这里需要注意一下，要配合AlertManager一起使用的话，此处必须添加此配置，否则的话可以忽略此配置。有了配置文件后剩下的就是Prometheus的部署了，如下

Prometheus.deploy.yaml

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--- 
apiVersion: apps/v1beta2 
kind: Deployment 
metadata: 
  labels: 
    name: prometheus-deployment 
  name: prometheus 
  namespace: kube-system 
spec: 
  replicas: 1 
  selector: 
    matchLabels: 
      app: prometheus 
  template: 
    metadata: 
      labels: 
        app: prometheus 
    spec: 
      containers: 
      - image: quay.io/prometheus/prometheus 
        name: prometheus 
        command: 
        - "/bin/prometheus" 
        args: 
        - "--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml" 
        - "--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus" 
        - "--storage.tsdb.retention=24h" 
        ports: 
        - containerPort: 9090 
          protocol: TCP 
        volumeMounts: 
        - mountPath: "/prometheus" 
          name: data 
        - mountPath: "/etc/prometheus" 
          name: config-volume 
        - name: rules-volume 
          mountPath: /etc/prometheus-rules 
        resources: 
          requests: 
            cpu: 100m 
            memory: 100Mi 
          limits: 
            cpu: 500m 
            memory: 2500Mi 
      serviceAccountName: prometheus 
      volumes: 
      - name: data 
        emptyDir: {} 
      - name: config-volume 
        configMap: 
          name: prometheus-config        
      - name: rules-volume 
        configMap: 
          name: prometheus-rules
--
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: prometheus
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - port: 9090
    targetPort: 9090
    nodePort: 30003
  selector:
    app: prometheus

成功部署后，通过http://nodeIP:30003就可以访问Prometheus的页面了，如下图

/posts/prometheus/target.png

scrape_configs中配置的kubernetes-pods、kubernetes-services等Job，可能在target界面看不到，因为需要添加对应的Annotation，例如Pod添加如下的Annotation后，就会在上面的界面中出现，注意这里是在Pod的annotation里添加，而不是在Deploy的annotation

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prometheus.io/scrape: "true"

service的话按照上述配置中写的，则需要添加如下的Annotation

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prometheus.io/probe: "true"

我们可以在Graph界面进行查询，可以以Console或者Graph的形式展示查询的结果，Prometheus提供了强大的查询语法，参考这里，下图为查询每个Node的CPU使用率

/posts/prometheus/graph.png

此时还没有进行AlertManager的相关配置，在Alerts页面看不到任何内容，接下来我们部署AlertManager

alertmanager.config.yaml

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kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: alertmanager
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  config.yml: |-
    global:
      resolve_timeout: 5m
      smtp_smarthost: 'mailhost:port'
      smtp_from: 'sender@example.com'
      smtp_auth_username: 'sender@example.com'
      smtp_auth_password: 'password'
      slack_api_url: 'https://hooks.slack.com/services/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'
    templates:
    - '/etc/alertmanager-templates/*.tmpl'
    route:
      group_by: ['alertname', 'cluster', 'service']
      group_wait: 30s
      group_interval: 5m
      repeat_interval: 15m
      receiver: slack-notifications
      receiver: email_alert
      routes:
      - match:
          severity: email
        receiver: email_alert
    receivers:
    - name: 'email_alert'
      email_configs:
      - to: 'to@example.com'
    - name: 'slack-notifications'
      slack_configs:
      - channel: '#alert'
        send_resolved: true

类似Prometheus，我们把AlertManager的配置同样保存为ConfigMap，部署时修改邮箱、slack等对应配置为自己的值，也可以添加自己的接收途径，具体参考这里，上述配置的意思是告诉AlertManager按照alertname、cluster、service对收到的通知进行分组，每隔大约5+15分钟发送一次报警信息，报警信息默认通过发送到slack，如果信息中包含severity: email的label，那么警报还会同时再发送到接收邮箱。

alertmanager.deploy.yaml

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apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: alertmanager
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: alertmanager
  template:
    metadata:
      name: alertmanager
      labels:
        app: alertmanager
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: alertmanager
        image: prom/alertmanager:latest
        args:
          - '--config.file=/etc/alertmanager/config.yml'
          - '--storage.path=/alertmanager'
        ports:
        - name: alertmanager
          containerPort: 9093
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config-volume
          mountPath: /etc/alertmanager
        - name: templates-volume
          mountPath: /etc/alertmanager-templates
        - name: alertmanager
          mountPath: /alertmanager
      volumes:
      - name: config-volume
        configMap:
          name: alertmanager
      - name: templates-volume
        configMap:
          name: alertmanager-templates
      - name: alertmanager
        emptyDir: {}
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  annotations:
    prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
  labels:
    name: alertmanager
  name: alertmanager
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  selector:
    app: alertmanager
  ports:
  - name: alertmanager
    protocol: TCP
    port: 9093
    targetPort: 9093

prometheus-rules

node-cpu-usage.rules

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groups:
- name: node-cpu-usage
  rules:
  - alert: HighRateError
    expr: (100 - (avg by (instance) (irate(node_cpu{name="node-exporter",mode="idle"}[5m])) * 100)) > 75
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: page
    annotations:
      summary: "{{$labels.instance}}: High CPU usage detected"
      description: "{{$labels.instance}}: CPU usage is above 75% (current value is: {{ $value }})"

prometheus-rules为文件夹，所有的通知规则都放在此文件夹下面，有关rule文件配置，可以参考这里

通过如下命令创建rule对应的ConfigMap

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kubectl create cm prometheus-rules --from-file=prometheus-rules -o yaml --dry-run | kubectl create -n kube-system -f -

alertmanager-templates

default.tmpl

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{{ define "__alertmanager" }}AlertManager{{ end }}
{{ define "__alertmanagerURL" }}{{ .ExternalURL }}/#/alerts?receiver={{ .Receiver }}{{ end }}

{{ define "__subject" }}[{{ .Status | toUpper }}{{ if eq .Status "firing" }}:{{ .Alerts.Firing | len }}{{ end }}] {{ .GroupLabels.SortedPairs.Values | join " " }} {{ if gt (len .CommonLabels) (len .GroupLabels) }}({{ with .CommonLabels.Remove .GroupLabels.Names }}{{ .Values | join " " }}{{ end }}){{ end }}{{ end }}
{{ define "__description" }}{{ end }}

{{ define "__text_alert_list" }}{{ range . }}Labels:
{{ range .Labels.SortedPairs }} - {{ .Name }} = {{ .Value }}
{{ end }}Annotations:
{{ range .Annotations.SortedPairs }} - {{ .Name }} = {{ .Value }}
{{ end }}Source: {{ .GeneratorURL }}
{{ end }}{{ end }}


{{ define "slack.default.title" }}{{ template "__subject" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "slack.default.username" }}{{ template "__alertmanager" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "slack.default.fallback" }}{{ template "slack.default.title" . }} | {{ template "slack.default.titlelink" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "slack.default.pretext" }}{{ end }}
{{ define "slack.default.titlelink" }}{{ template "__alertmanagerURL" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "slack.default.iconemoji" }}{{ end }}
{{ define "slack.default.iconurl" }}{{ end }}
{{ define "slack.default.text" }}{{ end }}


{{ define "hipchat.default.from" }}{{ template "__alertmanager" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "hipchat.default.message" }}{{ template "__subject" . }}{{ end }}


{{ define "pagerduty.default.description" }}{{ template "__subject" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "pagerduty.default.client" }}{{ template "__alertmanager" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "pagerduty.default.clientURL" }}{{ template "__alertmanagerURL" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "pagerduty.default.instances" }}{{ template "__text_alert_list" . }}{{ end }}


{{ define "opsgenie.default.message" }}{{ template "__subject" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "opsgenie.default.description" }}{{ .CommonAnnotations.SortedPairs.Values | join " " }}
{{ if gt (len .Alerts.Firing) 0 -}}
Alerts Firing:
{{ template "__text_alert_list" .Alerts.Firing }}
{{- end }}
{{ if gt (len .Alerts.Resolved) 0 -}}
Alerts Resolved:
{{ template "__text_alert_list" .Alerts.Resolved }}
{{- end }}
{{- end }}
{{ define "opsgenie.default.source" }}{{ template "__alertmanagerURL" . }}{{ end }}


{{ define "victorops.default.message" }}{{ template "__subject" . }} | {{ template "__alertmanagerURL" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "victorops.default.from" }}{{ template "__alertmanager" . }}{{ end }}


{{ define "email.default.subject" }}{{ template "__subject" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "email.default.html" }}
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<!--
Style and HTML derived from https://github.com/mailgun/transactional-email-templates


The MIT License (MIT)

Copyright (c) 2014 Mailgun

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
-->
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">
<head style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />
<title style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">{{ template "__subject" . }}</title>

</head>

<body itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/EmailMessage" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-size-adjust: none; height: 100%; line-height: 1.6em; width: 100% !important; background-color: #f6f6f6; margin: 0; padding: 0;" bgcolor="#f6f6f6">

<table style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; width: 100%; background-color: #f6f6f6; margin: 0;" bgcolor="#f6f6f6">
  <tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">
    <td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; margin: 0;" valign="top"></td>
    <td width="600" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; display: block !important; max-width: 600px !important; clear: both !important; width: 100% !important; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;" valign="top">
      <div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; max-width: 600px; display: block; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;">
        <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; border-radius: 3px; background-color: #fff; margin: 0; border: 1px solid #e9e9e9;" bgcolor="#fff">
          <tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">
            <td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top; color: #fff; font-weight: 500; text-align: center; border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0; background-color: #E6522C; margin: 0; padding: 20px;" align="center" bgcolor="#E6522C" valign="top">
              {{ .Alerts | len }} alert{{ if gt (len .Alerts) 1 }}s{{ end }} for {{ range .GroupLabels.SortedPairs }}
                {{ .Name }}={{ .Value }}
              {{ end }}
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">
            <td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; margin: 0; padding: 10px;" valign="top">
              <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">
                <tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">
                  <td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; margin: 0; padding: 0 0 20px;" valign="top">
                    <a href="{{ template "__alertmanagerURL" . }}" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; color: #FFF; text-decoration: none; line-height: 2em; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; border-radius: 5px; text-transform: capitalize; background-color: #348eda; margin: 0; border-color: #348eda; border-style: solid; border-width: 10px 20px;">View in {{ template "__alertmanager" . }}</a>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                {{ if gt (len .Alerts.Firing) 0 }}
                <tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">
                  <td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; margin: 0; padding: 0 0 20px;" valign="top">
                    <strong style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">[{{ .Alerts.Firing | len }}] Firing</strong>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                {{ end }}
                {{ range .Alerts.Firing }}
                <tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">
                  <td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; margin: 0; padding: 0 0 20px;" valign="top">
                    <strong style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">Labels</strong><br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />
                    {{ range .Labels.SortedPairs }}{{ .Name }} = {{ .Value }}<br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />{{ end }}
                    {{ if gt (len .Annotations) 0 }}<strong style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">Annotations</strong><br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />{{ end }}
                    {{ range .Annotations.SortedPairs }}{{ .Name }} = {{ .Value }}<br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />{{ end }}
                    <a href="{{ .GeneratorURL }}" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; color: #348eda; text-decoration: underline; margin: 0;">Source</a><br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />
                  </td>
                </tr>
                {{ end }}

                {{ if gt (len .Alerts.Resolved) 0 }}
                  {{ if gt (len .Alerts.Firing) 0 }}
                <tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">
                  <td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; margin: 0; padding: 0 0 20px;" valign="top">
                    <br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />
                    <hr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />
                    <br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />
                  </td>
                </tr>
                  {{ end }}
                <tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">
                  <td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; margin: 0; padding: 0 0 20px;" valign="top">
                    <strong style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">[{{ .Alerts.Resolved | len }}] Resolved</strong>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                {{ end }}
                {{ range .Alerts.Resolved }}
                <tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">
                  <td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; margin: 0; padding: 0 0 20px;" valign="top">
                    <strong style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">Labels</strong><br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />
                    {{ range .Labels.SortedPairs }}{{ .Name }} = {{ .Value }}<br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />{{ end }}
                    {{ if gt (len .Annotations) 0 }}<strong style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">Annotations</strong><br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />{{ end }}
                    {{ range .Annotations.SortedPairs }}{{ .Name }} = {{ .Value }}<br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />{{ end }}
                    <a href="{{ .GeneratorURL }}" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; color: #348eda; text-decoration: underline; margin: 0;">Source</a><br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />
                  </td>
                </tr>
                {{ end }}
              </table>
            </td>
          </tr>
        </table>

        <div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; width: 100%; clear: both; color: #999; margin: 0; padding: 20px;">
          <table width="100%" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">
            <tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">
              <td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; color: #999; margin: 0; padding: 0 0 20px;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="{{ .ExternalURL }}" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12px; color: #999; text-decoration: underline; margin: 0;">Sent by {{ template "__alertmanager" . }}</a></td>
            </tr>
          </table>
        </div></div>
    </td>
    <td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; margin: 0;" valign="top"></td>
  </tr>
</table>

</body>
</html>

{{ end }}

{{ define "pushover.default.title" }}{{ template "__subject" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "pushover.default.message" }}{{ .CommonAnnotations.SortedPairs.Values | join " " }}
{{ if gt (len .Alerts.Firing) 0 }}
Alerts Firing:
{{ template "__text_alert_list" .Alerts.Firing }}
{{ end }}
{{ if gt (len .Alerts.Resolved) 0 }}
Alerts Resolved:
{{ template "__text_alert_list" .Alerts.Resolved }}
{{ end }}
{{ end }}
{{ define "pushover.default.url" }}{{ template "__alertmanagerURL" . }}{{ end }}

slack.tmpl

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{{ define "slack.devops.text" }}
{{range .Alerts}}{{.Annotations.DESCRIPTION}}
{{end}}
{{ end }}

同alertmanager-rules，alertmanager-templates也是一个文件夹，里面有两个文件，通过如下命令在集群内创建对应的ConfigMap

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kubectl create configmap alertmanager-templates --from-file=alertmanager-templates -o json --dry-run | kubectl apply --namespace=kube-system -f -

到这里就完成了所有的部署，部署成功后，切换到Alert页面可以看到如下

/posts/prometheus/alert.png

为了能收到报警，我这里特意将报警条件设置为了cpu实用率超过10%，一会就会收到报警邮件了，想要收到slack的报警信息的话，alertmanager所在的pod必须可以科学上网才行。

更新于 2020-11-04
 prometheus
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